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(詳細はnon-violent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule during the first half of the XXth century. ''Mau'' means 'opinion,' 'unwavering,' 'to be decided,' or 'testimony' denoting 'firm strength' in Samoan. The motto for the Mau were the words Samoa mo Samoa (Samoa for the Samoans). Similarly in Hawaii'an ''Mau'' means to strive or persevere, and is often linked with Hawaii'an poetry relating to independence and sovereignty struggles. The movement had its beginnings on the island of Savai'i with the ''Mau a Pule'' resistance in the early 1900s with widespread support throughout the country by the late 1920s. As the movement grew, leadership came under the country's chiefly elite, the customary ''matai'' leaders entrenched in Samoan tradition and fa'a Samoa.〔() Guardians of the West by Albert Wendt. Retrieved 21 February 2009.〕 The Mau included women who supported the national organisation through leadership and organisation as well as taking part in marches. Supporters wore a Mau uniform of a navy blue lavalava with a white stripe which was later banned by the colonial administration. The Mau movement culminated on 28 December 1929 in the streets of the capital Apia, when the New Zealand military police fired on a procession who were attempting to prevent the arrest of one of their members. The day became known as Black Saturday. Up to 11 Samoans were killed, including Mau leader and high chief Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III with many others wounded. One New Zealand constable was clubbed to death by protesters.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=New Zealand History Online )〕 The Mau movement's efforts would ultimately culminate in the political independence of Samoa in 1962 but the height of the movement's activity in the Western Islands occurred in the late 1920s and early 1930s. ==History== Broadly, the history of the Mau movement can be seen as beginning in the 1800s with European contact and the advent of Western powers, Britain, United States and Germany, vying for control of the Pacific nation. The country became German Samoa (1900–1914) followed by New Zealand colonial rule during which the Mau gathered national support. A key event occurred in 1908, in a dispute between the German colonial administration and the ''Malo o Samoa'', or Samoan Council of Chiefs, over the establishment of a copra business owned and controlled by native Samoans. The dispute led to the eventual formation of a resistance movement called ''Mau a Pule'' on Savai'i by Lauaki Namulauulu Mamoe, one of the Samoan leaders from Safotulafai who was deposed by the German Governor of Samoa, Wilhelm Solf. As well as deposing members of the ''Malo o Samoa'', Solf called in two German warships as a show of strength. Faced with this demonstration of military force, and with the movement divided, Lauaki surrendered. In 1909, Lauaki and the other senior leaders of the ''Mau a Pule'' were exiled to the German colonies in the Marianas (North West Pacific) where they were to stay until 1914, when New Zealand took over Samoa as part of its Empire duties at the outbreak of World War One. Many of those exiled died before returning to Samoa. Lauaki died en route back to Samoa in 1915. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mau movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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